Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of allylestrenol on sex hormone levels and delivery outcomes in women with threatened abortion. METHODS: This retrospective analysis examined clinical data of patients with threatened abortion treated at Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. A total of 149 eligible patients were screened and divided into two groups: a control group (n=75) treated with progesterone capsules from January to December 2021, and an observation group (n=74) treated with allylestrenol from January to December 2022. Delivery outcomes, sex hormone levels, complications, and adverse effects were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Successful delivery was achieved in 62 cases (83.78%) in the observation group and 61 cases (81.33%) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements in β-HCG and progesterone levels after treatment compared to baseline (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in post-treatment β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) levels between the two groups (P>0.05), while progesterone levels were significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05). Among patients with successful deliveries, there were no significant differences in preterm birth, oligohydramnios, or fetal growth restriction between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, the observation group showed a significantly higher rate of normal vaginal deliveries compared to the control group (P<0.05). Neonates in the observation group had significantly higher gestational ages and birth weights (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in the incidence of macrosomia, low birth weight, or neonatal asphyxia (all P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in safety indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Allylestrenol is comparable to progesterone in improving delivery outcomes for women with threatened abortion, with the added benefits of reducing cesarean section rates and prolonging gestational age, and without increasing safety risk.