Abstract
Schistosomiasis is the second most common human parasitic infection after malaria. The granulomatous inflammatory damage to the liver caused by its eggs and the resulting liver fibrosis are the basic characteristics of schistosomiasis and also the main cause of death. We report an elderly male patient from an endemic area who presented with abdominal distension and jaundice. He was initially diagnosed with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but postoperative biopsy indicated schistosomal granulomatous inflammation. This case has provided us with a deeper understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of hilar schistosomal granuloma.