Abstract
The primary aim of root canal therapy is to thoroughly remove infection and prevent its recurrence in the root canal system. Irrigation plays a pivotal role in this process by removing both organic and inorganic debris, as well as microorganisms and their biofilms. For irrigants to achieve their maximum efficacy, they must reach and disrupt the biofilm adhering to the canal walls. To enhance the effectiveness of irrigants, various activation systems are employed, each operating through distinct mechanisms. It is crucial to understand the interplay between different irrigants and activation systems, while also considering the potential risks associated with irrigant extrusion. Moreover, the agitation of irrigants should be maintained for an optimal duration to maximize the clinical outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. To achieve this, adherence to the specific protocols of activation systems might ensure desirable and consistent results.