Abstract
BACKGROUND: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a widely recognized technique for promoting periodontal regeneration. Titanium mesh, owing to its rigidity and biocompatibility, has been employed as a barrier in GTR procedures. Coating titanium mesh with hydroxyapatite (HA) has shown potential for enhancing osteoconductivity and improving tissue integration. This study evaluates the clinical and histological outcomes of titanium mesh coated with HA for GTR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients with bilateral periodontal defects were included in this randomized controlled study. Defects were treated using either HA-coated titanium mesh (test group) or uncoated titanium mesh (control group). Clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were recorded at baseline and 6 months post-surgery. Histological evaluation was performed to assess new bone formation and connective tissue regeneration. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-tests, with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The test group demonstrated a mean PD reduction of 4.2 ± 0.8 mm and a CAL gain of 3.9 ± 0.7 mm, compared to 3.5 ± 0.9 mm and 3.2 ± 0.8 mm in the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed significantly greater new bone formation in the test group (45% ±5%) than in the control group (30% ±4%). Patient-reported outcomes indicated better satisfaction and lower discomfort scores in the test group. CONCLUSION: HA-coated titanium mesh enhances periodontal regeneration outcomes in GTR procedures, with significant improvements in clinical and histological parameters compared to uncoated titanium mesh. This novel biomaterial holds promise for optimizing periodontal defect management.