Abstract
This article examines the influence of micro- and nanoscale calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) fillers on the dielectric behavior and aging resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based composites. PVC films containing varying CaCO(3) contents (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% by weight) were subjected to accelerated aging through prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure and thermal stress for up to 1248 h. The evolution of dielectric properties was characterized by impedance spectroscopy, while structural modifications were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, changes in surface morphology, internal homogeneity (related to particle size, shape, and distribution), and chemical composition were investigated using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), to evaluate the effects of irradiation and variations in the material's surface composition and morphology. The results reveal a significant correlation between filler concentration and dielectric stability, highlighting the potential of CaCO(3) reinforcement to improve the long-term reliability of polymeric insulating materials. The results further highlight that beyond the amount of filler used, the fine-scale feature of CaCO(3), particularly its particle size and how well it is dispersed, has a significant impact on how the material responds to aging and maintains its dielectric properties.