Abstract
This study confirms the continued circulation of Toscana virus (TOSV) lineage B in France, with nine laboratory-confirmed autochthonous neuroinvasive cases identified between 2022 and 2024. All patients presented with central nervous system symptoms, predominantly during summer months, and most were confirmed by RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) on cerebrospinal fluid. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close similarity to previously circulating French strains, supporting long-term local transmission. One case in eastern France raises concern for possible geographic expansion. These findings underscore the need for sustained surveillance and preventive measures in endemic regions, particularly for travellers and clinicians encountering summer-onset neurological syndromes.