Abstract
To address key knowledge gaps regarding mpox transmission and its effects on vulnerable populations, UNICEF commissioned an operational research study within the framework of the mpox outbreak response in Burundi. Through enhanced surveillance, this study, to be implemented by the Burundi National Institute of Public Health, will estimate mpox´s household transmission characteristics, including secondary attack rates and essential transmission parameters. The study will also evaluate the burden of mpox among children, its impact on pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, and its association with breastfeeding, with the aim to generate data to optimize the mpox public health emergency response in Burundi and other affected regions.