Abstract
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in COPD patients. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance and the progression of non-infectious diseases contribute to poor patient outcomes. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying AECOPD is essential for effective prevention. It is widely acknowledged that the immune system plays a fundamental role in pathogen clearance and the development of inflammation. Immune dysregulation, either due to deficiency or hyperactivity, has been implicated in AECOPD pathogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying dysregulated immune function and disease progression in COPD patients, specifically focusing on the innate and adaptive immune responses. The ultimate aim is to provide new insights for clinical prevention and treatment strategies targeting AECOPD.