Abstract
BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome, colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract, is increasingly recognized for its symbiotic relationship with the immune system in maintaining overall host health. This emerging understanding raises intriguing questions about potential connections between the gut microbiome and anatomically distant organs, such as the eye, possibly mediated through immune pathways. MAIN TEXT: This review synthesizes contemporary research on ocular diseases with the framework of the burgeoning "gut-eye axis" concept. Investigations spanning from the ocular surface to the fundus suggest correlations between the gut microbiome and various ocular disorders. By elucidating the putative pathogenic mechanisms underlying these ocular conditions, we offer novel perspectives to inform future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in ophthalmology. CONCLUSIONS: By presenting a critical analysis of current knowledge regarding the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in ocular health, this review shed light on the complex interplay between gut dysbiosis and eye disorders. Our work endeavors to catalyze interdisciplinary research and foster innovative clinical applications, thereby bridging the gap between the gut microbiota and the ocular well-being.