Abstract
The complexity of long-wave propagation paths and real-time variations in meteorological conditions can make it challenging to predict accurately the propagation delays of long waves, thereby affecting the precision of long-wave navigation and positioning timing. This study used static tests to measure long-wave receiver path delays at varying propagation distances. Moreover, data were collected from neighbouring test points to analyse propagation delay characteristics and assess the feasibility of implementing differential timing methods. The measured data indicated that neighbouring test points exhibited similar trends during the same period, with different test points exhibiting significant correlations at the 0.001 level. A comprehensive analysis revealed that within a certain range, factors such as meteorological conditions, electrical parameters of the propagation medium, and terrain fluctuations were comparable. Long-wave propagation delays exhibited certain temporal and spatial correlations, and real-time changes in the propagation path could be mitigated using differential methods, thereby enhancing the precision of long-wave navigation and positioning timing. A theoretical focus on solidifying the differential effects in key areas could support the establishment of more accurate differential stations, thereby enhancing the eLoran system with warning capabilities and enhancing system integrity.