Abstract
RATIONALE: Prolapsed hemorrhoids can impair quality of life due to associated symptoms such as pain. While hemorrhoidectomy is considered the gold standard for treating prolapsed hemorrhoids, this procedure inevitably involves complications such as postoperative pain, bleeding, and delayed recovery. Therefore, there is an increasing need for treatment options that are immediate, effective, and minimally invasive, while also taking into account patients' physical and social backgrounds, preferences, and values. In this study, we applied a transanal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technique, namely HIFU rectal lifting (HIFU-RAL), combined with aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) sclerotherapy for treating prolapsed hemorrhoids and assessed its efficacy. PATIENT CONCERNS: This case series included 10 symptomatic patients, consisting of 5 men and 5 women. The mean patient age was 67.2 ± 11.0 years, and the median disease duration was 8.0 years (interquartile range: 3.5-38.8 years). All patients complained of prolapse and discomfort that impaired their daily lives. DIAGNOSES: Clinical examination identified 8 cases of prolapsed hemorrhoids (Goligher grade III-IV) and 2 cases of rectal mucosal prolapse. INTERVENTIONS: HIFU-RAL is a transanal HIFU technique originally developed to treat fecal and urinary incontinence. In this procedure, circumferential ultrasound energy was delivered to the longitudinal muscle of the rectum through the mucosal surface, oral to the dentate line. In ALTA sclerotherapy, the sclerosant was injected into the internal hemorrhoids for prolapsed hemorrhoids and into the submucosal layer of the rectum for rectal mucosal prolapse. The combined efficacy of HIFU-RAL and ALTA sclerotherapy was evaluated over time. OUTCOMES: The combined HIFU-RAL procedure and ALTA sclerotherapy were completed in 19.2 ± 6.6 minutes. In all cases, the prolapsed lesions were visibly reduced or resolved immediately after the procedure. During the follow-up period (median: 16.0 months; interquartile range: 10.5-25.8 months), no adverse events or recurrences were observed. LESSONS: The HIFU-RAL procedure combined with ALTA sclerotherapy is a promising, minimally invasive, office-based treatment for prolapsed hemorrhoids. The HIFU-RAL procedure induces contraction of the heated rectal longitudinal muscle, repositioning hemorrhoids to their anatomical site and visibly reducing or eliminating the area of prolapsed lesions.