Abstract
Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) are highly specialised avian ectoparasites that inhabit feather quills. Despite their widespread occurrence, their diversity, distribution, and host associations remain poorly understood. This study examined the diversity and ecological interactions of syringophilid mites parasitising Euphoninae hosts. We analysed 298 dry bird skins representing 25 species deposited in the Bavarian State Collection for Zoology in Munich, Germany. Quill mite infestations were detected in 15 host species, identifying 4 mite species, including 2 newly described taxa: Aulonastus neotropicalis sp. n. and Syringophilopsis euphonicus sp. n. Infestation prevalence ranged from 2% to 25%. Quill mite-host interactions exhibited high specialisation and niche differentiation, with no co-occurring species sharing the same microhabitat. Network analysis indicated moderate connectance (0.35) and significant host specificity (H2' = 0.77, p = 0.007). Biogeographic history suggests that divergence from Carduelinae and subsequent evolutionary events shaped syringophilid diversity in Euphoninae. These findings underscore the importance of museum collections in uncovering cryptic parasite diversity and provide new insights into host-parasite co-evolutionary dynamics.