Three-Space as a Quantum Hyperlayer in 1+3 Dimensions: A Case Study in Quantum Space and Time

三维空间作为一维和三维空间中的量子超层:量子时空案例研究

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Abstract

We discuss a formalism where a universe is identified with the support of a wave function propagating through space-time. The dynamics is of a squeezing type, with shrinking in time and expanding in space. As opposed to classical cosmology, the resulting universe is not a spacelike section of some space-time but a hyperlayer of a finite timelike width, a set which is not a three-dimensional submanifold of space-time. The universe is in superposition of different localizations in both space and time so that x0=ct has the same formal status of a position operator as the remaining three coordinates. We test the formalism on the example of a universe that contains a single harmonic oscillator, a generalization of the curvature-dependent Cariñena-Rañada-Santander (CRS) model. As opposed to the original CRS formulation, here, the curvature is not a parameter but a quantum observable, a function of the world-position operator. It is shown that asymptotically, for large values of the invariant evolution parameter τ, one reconstructs the standard quantum results, with one modification: The effective (renormalized) mass of the oscillator decreases with τ. The effect does not seem to be a peculiarity of harmonic oscillators, so one may speculate that masses of distant elementary quantum systems are greater than the values known from our quantum mechanical measurements.

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