Abstract
This study investigated the thermal behavior of various sands types from different geographical locations and compositions. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume were measured, and correlations with the bulk density, color, chemical composition, grain size, and solar reflectance were explored. The experimental data were compared with those of theoretical models, providing insights into the factors influencing the sand temperature under solar radiation. The results indicate that sand color and solar reflectance strongly influence temperature variations, where thermal conductivity is correlated with density. Microstructural analysis revealed differences between coral and non-coral sands. Chemical composition analysis suggested that the silica content may affect the thermal conductivity.