Abstract
Photothermal therapy has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach for biomedical applications, where nanoparticle-mediated heat generation plays a critical role. The present study aims to investigate the photothermal efficiency of green-synthesized bimetallic silver-palladium nanoparticles (AgPd NPs) and gold-palladium nanoparticles (AuPd NPs) prepared using Aloe barbadensis Linn. leaf gel as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation and physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), confirming their optical properties, morphology, and elemental composition. Both AgPd NPs and AuPd NPs exhibited efficient photothermal conversion under irradiation, resulting in a significant temperature increase. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using an MTT assay on L6 rat myofibroblast cells at concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 µg/mL for 48 h. AgPd NPs showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with pronounced toxicity at higher concentrations, whereas AuPd NPs maintained comparatively higher cell viability across the tested range. These findings indicate that Aloe vera-mediated AuPd NPs combine effective photothermal performance with superior biocompatibility, highlighting their potential as environmentally sustainable and safe nanomaterials for photothermal therapeutic applications.