Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the impact of individual elements of the W14 fastening system on clamping force. Clamping force in the context of railway fastening systems refers to the force that holds the rail firmly against the sleeper to ensure track stability and maintain proper rail alignment under dynamic loads. The results of laboratory tests carried out in accordance with the applicable European standards of the PN-EN 13,481 and PN-EN 13,146 series are described synthetically. Actual clamping force achieved is highly dependent on the height of the rail pad, as the applied torque can result in different clamping forces depending on this factor. It is important to note that the critical parameter for the fastening system's performance is not the applied torque itself, but rather the resulting clamping force. This force is directly influenced by the rail pad height, as well. as other factors such as the static stiffness of the pad. Therefore, achieving the appropriate clamping force requires careful consideration of these factors, as they significantly impact the system's stability and overall efficiency.