Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis (DSH) is an extremely rare benign vascular disorder characterized by the proliferation of multiple blood vessels within the spleen. It is even rarer in pediatric and adolescent patients, with only a few cases reported in medical literature, which was performed as scientific literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: We observed a 14-year-old male who presented with intermittent abdominal discomfort and slight splenomegaly. Laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse splenomegaly with round or oval low-density lesions, suggestive of hemangiomatosis or lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple lesions with slightly prolonged T1 and T2 signals. A CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of a splenic lesion was performed to address splenomegaly and diagnostic uncertainty. Histopathological examination confirmed diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis with lymphocytic infiltration. CONCLUSION: A rare case of DSH in a childhood was presented. This case underscores the importance of integrating imaging and histopathology for an accurate diagnosis. While the condition is typically benign, tissue biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic method when malignancy cannot be excluded.