Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation in large artery walls. The systemic immune-inflammatory index is an emerging biomarker linked to cardiovascular disease progression. Soleus push-up exercises, targeting the soleus muscle (predominantly Type I fibers), may benefit patients with CAD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soleus push-up exercises on blood lipid profiles and systemic immune-inflammatory index in CAD patients. Forty-three CAD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 24 patients in the exercise group performed soleus push-up exercises, while 19 served as the control group with no exercise recommendations. Blood lipid profiles and systemic immune-inflammatory index were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. At the 1-month follow-up, the exercise group showed significantly lower total cholesterol levels and systemic immune-inflammatory index scores compared to the control group (P < .005). At the 3-month follow-up, the exercise group had significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P < .005), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol levels (P < .005) than the control group. The exercise group also exhibited significantly lower systemic inflammatory index (SII) scores at 3 months (P < .001). Soleus push-up exercises may positively influence blood lipid profiles and systemic immune-inflammatory index in CAD patients, highlighting a potential noninvasive approach for managing cardiovascular risk factors.