Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The co-contamination of acetamiprid (ACE) and sulfoxaflor (SUL) threatens ecosystem security, yet their microbial remediation remains unexplored. METHODS: The bacterium Ensifer sp. DA6, which transforms ACE to IM-1-2 and SUL to X11719474, was isolated. Its genome was analyzed, and the nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene cluster was heterologously expressed in E. coli. The NHase was purified and modeled. RESULTS: Immobilized Ensifer sp. DA6 degraded ACE and SUL in Yellow River water. The recombinant E. coli and purified NHase both acquired ACE/SUL degradation ability. The NHase is a cobalt-containing enzyme with a and β subunits plus an accessory protein, and its active site was predicted. DISCUSSION: This is the first report on microbial co-degradation of ACE and SUL, identifying a novel NHase as the key enzyme, providing a potential bioremediation strategy.