Abstract
Introduction Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that develops in a subset of psoriasis patients, often leading to functional impairment and comorbid conditions. Early detection and management of PsA are essential for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to (1) determine PsA prevalence among psoriasis patients at a tertiary care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (2) identify risk factors for PsA development; and (3) describe clinical PsA subtypes. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 414 psoriasis patients were evaluated using electronic medical records and supplementary telephone interviews. A nested case-control analysis compared PsA cases (n=53) to psoriasis-only controls (n=354). Descriptive statistics summarized prevalence and subtype distribution, while logistic regression assessed associations between PsA and potential risk factors. Results PsA prevalence in our population was 13%, with a female predominance, 36 (67.9%). Asymmetric oligoarticular arthritis, 20 (39.2%), was the most frequent subtype, followed by symmetric polyarthritis, 15 (29.4%). Nail involvement was present in 25 (52.1%) of PsA patients. Cardiovascular (47.2% vs. 35.6%) and psychiatric comorbidities (11.3% vs. 5.1%) were more common in PsA patients. Logistic regression identified family history of PsA (OR = 7.8; 95% CI: 1.44-42.2) and psychiatric comorbidities (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.17-17.04) as significant predictors of PsA. Conclusion PsA affects a notable proportion of psoriasis patients and is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular and psychiatric comorbidities. Asymmetric oligoarthritis predominated, and family history emerged as a strong predictor. These findings underscore the need for early screening and multidisciplinary management. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to validate these associations.