Abstract
Many approaches have been implemented in order to reduce the emissions of particular pollutants without compromising engine performance. Cotton and castor mixed seed oil was chosen for the current study due to their distinct fatty acid composition and potential as a feedstock for bio-additives. Three fuel samples-99 % diesel and 1 % blended fuel (cottonseed oil + castor seed oil), 99.50 % diesel and 0.50 % (cottonseed oil + castor seed oil) blended fuel, and 100 % diesel fuel-are examined. Gas chromatography was used to assess the fatty acid makeup of the substances under investigation. A TBMC8 test bench was used to measure the performance and exhaust emissions characteristics of the diesel fuel containing additives of cotton and castor seed oil. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), engine torque, and emission characteristics of the diesel with additives are measured by adjusting an engine load at 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, and 80 %. For D99 (cottonseed oil + castor seed oil) 1, BSFC, BTE, and engine torque at 20 % engine load are 0.757 kg/kWh, 32.98 %, and increased by 1.1 %, respectively. When engine load increased, BSFC slightly increased by 1.1 %. Unlikely, as an engine load increases, there is a modest drop in both BTE and engine torque. Due to the increased oxygen content of bio-additives, which aids in CO oxidization during combustion, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions have dropped by 1.5 % for engine loads ranging from 0 % to 80 %. The higher oxygen content of biodiesel significantly reduced CO emissions, however higher oxygen percentages in blends of biodiesel led to a rise in CO2 emissions. Because cotton and castor blended additives ignited more quickly, NOx increased. Nevertheless, all fall within the allowed range of the ASTM standard.