Abstract
It is well-established that adolescence, for both girls and young men, is a period of anatomical and functional transformation of the brain, enabling them to acquire the aptitudes of adults, that is, for girls, the aptitudes of adult women and mothers. According to several scientific studies, the hormones secreted by the ovaries, estrogen and progesterone contribute to this brain development during adolescence. Therefore, there is concern that hormonal contraceptives may modify the temperament of adolescent girls by altering their hormonal balance. In this article, we presented research showing that: (1) brain changes during adolescence occur in parallel with changes in sex hormone levels; (2) the gradual establishment of natural cycles during adolescence creates an estrogenic environment that is very different from that produced by hormonal contraceptives; and (3) hormonal contraceptives can cause changes in temperament and, consequently, personality. These facts are little-known in the medical community. It is therefore necessary to disseminate this information within the medical profession. It is also essential to provide young girls and their parents with comprehensive information before prescribing hormonal contraceptive treatment. This will enable them to make informed decisions. NONTECHNICAL SUMMARY: Adolescence is a period of brain transformation that prepares girls for their lives as women and perhaps mothers. The hormones of the menstrual cycle contribute to this brain change. The level of these hormones comes from the gradual establishment of the female cycle. The evolution and nature of these hormones are very different from those produced by hormonal contraception. We conclude that it is necessary to inform young girls and their parents about these effects before prescribing hormonal contraception. SHORT SUMMARY: Scientific evidence suggests that contraceptive hormones may pose a risk to brain development in young girls.