Abstract
Diabetic wounds are chronic complications in patients with diabetes mellitus characterized by an elongated proliferation period, leading to a longer wound closure time. The lack of topical remedies for diabetic wounds necessitates the development of formulations that effectively facilitate closure. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) leaves, containing polyphenolic compounds, have the potential to be developed into a film spray suitable for diabetic wound closure. This study aims to develop a film-spray formula of kratom leaves extracted using natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and to investigate its wound healing activity on type I diabetic rats. Polyphenol-rich NADES extracts were formulated with a film-forming base in concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4% v/v. The sprays were assessed for pH, viscosity, drying time, and organoleptic properties and evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing wound diameter on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. All formulated sprays exhibited watery form, dark orange, and odor characteristics of kratom extract, and the stability test showed that no separation was observed. The wound healing activity evaluation revealed that the film spray containing 4% of kratom NADES extract on day 21 demonstrated significant healing effects on type I diabetic rats, including a reduction in wound diameter (83.99 ± 12.02%), a decrease in neutrophil cell count, and an increase in epithelial tissue thickness. Kratom NADES extract film-forming spray (4%) has the potential to shorten the closure time of diabetic wounds.