Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy, with histopathological features playing a crucial role in predicting clinical outcomes. Tumor budding, lymphovascular invasion, and depth of invasion are key indicators used to assess prognosis and therapeutic response. The objective of this research is to examine the correlation between these histopathological parameters and patient outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included patients diagnosed with OSCC. The key parameters examined were tumor budding, depth of invasion, and lymphovascular invasion. Clinical outcomes, including recurrence and survival rates, were analyzed. RESULTS: Tumor budding and depth of invasion were significantly associated with increased recurrence rates and poorer survival outcomes. Lymphovascular invasion also showed a strong correlation with advanced disease stages. CONCLUSION: The histopathological features, particularly tumor budding and depth of invasion, are significant predictors of clinical outcomes in OSCC patients. These features should be emphasized in the prognosis and treatment planning of OSCC.