Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the potential enhancement in implant classification performance achieved by incorporating artificially generated images of commercially available products into a deep learning process of dental implant classification using panoramic X-ray images. To supplement an existing dataset of 7,946 in vivo dental implant images, a three-dimensional scanner was employed to create implant surface models. Subsequently, implant surface models were used to generate two-dimensional X-ray images, which were compiled along with original images to create a comprehensive dataset. Images of 10 types of implants were classified using ResNet50 into the following datasets: (A) images of implants captured in vivo, (B) artificial implant images generated without background adjustments, and (C) implant images derived from in vivo images and generated with background adjustments. The classification accuracy was 0.8888 for dataset A, 0.903 for dataset B, and 0.9146 for dataset C. Notably, dataset C demonstrated the highest performance and exhibited the optimal feature distribution. In the context of deep learning classifiers for dental implants using panoramic X-ray images, incorporating artificially generated X-ray images-designed to mirror the appearance of human body implants-proved to be the most beneficial in enhancing the performance of the classification model.