Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila and A. dhakensis are ubiquitous microorganisms, widespread in aquatic environments, and can cause severe infections in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the diversity of virulence genes aerA, hlyA, act, and alt through polymerase chain reaction and the antimicrobial resistance through disk diffusion test of 101 A. hydrophila and 34 A. dhakensis strains from environmental, animal, and human sources gathered between 2016 and 2019 at the National Reference Laboratory for Enteric Diseases. Overall, the virulence gene distribution was act in 35.5% of the samples, alt in 40.7%, aerA in 42.2%, and hlyA in 44.5%. Our results revealed that 76.3% of the 135 isolated Aeromonas exhibited at least one of the genes above. 76.3% of A. hydrophila and 76.5% of A. dhakensis exhibited virulence genes distributed among 15 and 12 virulence profiles, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 86% of the strains (87.1% in A. hydrophila and 82.4% in A. dhakensis), with higher rates of resistance to Nalidixic acid (69.3%), Imipenem (31.1%), and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15.5%). The occurrence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis from different sources indicates their diversity and pathogenicity, reinforcing that they can be a potential health risk source.