Abstract
This systematic review explores the impact of diuretic timing and strategy on outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). A total of seven studies were included, comprising randomized controlled trials (RCTs), pre-specified sub-analyses, and observational data. Early administration of intravenous loop diuretics, particularly within the first 60 to 90 minutes of hospital arrival, was generally associated with improved short-term outcomes, including reduced in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Furthermore, guided diuretic strategies using urine sodium or urinary biomarkers showed promise in enhancing decongestion efficiency and predicting therapeutic response, although long-term benefits remain uncertain. Despite some heterogeneity in study design, timing definitions, and outcome measures, this review underscores the clinical significance of prompt and tailored diuretic therapy. These findings highlight the need for timely intervention and more personalized management strategies in ADHF, while also identifying gaps for future large-scale trials.