Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of sustainable development in the green building material industry under the dual pressures of environmental policies and market demand risks. A multi-stage game model is developed to explore the strategic interactions between green material producers and intermediate suppliers in decision-making related to green research and product pricing. Utilizing backward induction methods, genetic algorithm simulations, and production data from the cement industry, we analyze the sensitivity of product greenness, pricing, sales volume, and profits to changes in market demand risks under both strict and lenient environmental policies. The findings indicate that strict environmental policies are more effective than lenient ones in promoting the sustainable development of the green building materials sector. Strict policies encourage companies to engage in green research and production while helping to maintain sales and prices, thereby ensuring profitability-especially when competing products have lower levels of greenness. This paper adds a new perspective by considering the dual pressures of environmental policies and market demand risks and their interactions, aiming to provide insights for related policymaking.