Abstract
Researchers and practitioners have been urged to embrace cultural responsiveness to better design, implement, and evaluate treatment. We conducted a scoping review of the inclusion of cultural variables in the context of contingency management (CM) for the treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). We included articles that contained a discussion of at least one cultural variable in the context of CM related to SUD (e.g., race, ethnicity, age, generation, education, socioeconomic status, religion or spiritual beliefs, language, nationality, geographic location, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation). Results suggest that CM may be equally efficacious across sociodemographic categories, and racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities. However, few studies have examined other outcomes as a function of cultural variables, such as uptake, acceptability, adherence, and retention. Few studies have explicitly tailored CM based on cultural variables or compared tailored and nontailored versions of CM. Thus, more work is needed to understand whether and how cultural variables should be considered in contingency management for substance use disorder.