Abstract
Background/Objectives: The economic impact of adverse events following COVID-19 immunisation (AEFIs) in Australia is underexplored. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of AEFIs on both healthcare systems and societal productivity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Queensland residents aged ≥18 years who had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine in the preceding 12 months. Overall, 6964 participants were recruited from July to September 2022 via email and broad social media campaigns. The survey collected data on the incidence, type and duration of AEFIs; healthcare utilisation; and work-related absenteeism. Healthcare costs were estimated using national healthcare reimbursement data, and productivity costs were estimated using Australian Bureau of Statistics Average Weekly Earnings. Results: Of the 6797 eligible respondents (predominantly female [62%]; median age: 52 years), AEFIs were reported by 53.4%, 44.1%, 40.7%, and 40.9% following doses 1 to 4, respectively. Pain and tenderness were predominant local AEFIs, while tiredness and headaches were the most frequent systemic AEFIs, generally resolving within three days. Relatively few participants reporting AEFIs consulted medical professionals: 7.0%, 7.3%, 5.1%, and 1.9% following each dose, respectively. The mean healthcare cost per person reporting AEFIs was AUD 24, AUD 88, AUD 22, and AUD 4 following each respective dose. Work absenteeism was recorded in 16.5%, 18.2%, 15.2%, and 11.2% following each dose with mean absenteeism days per person of 4.7, 7.4, 3.6 and 2.1, respectively, and mean productivity costs per person reporting AEFIs amounting to AUD 1494, AUD 2388, AUD 1136, and AUD 690, respectively. Conclusions: Participants reported mostly mild AEFIs with only a small proportion of individuals seeking medical services. Productivity costs attributable to these AEFIs exceeded direct healthcare expenses incurred.