Background
Targeted therapies have been largely ineffective against glioblastoma (GBM) owing to the tumor's heterogeneity and intrinsic and adaptive treatment resistance. Targeting multiple pro-survival pathways simultaneously may overcome these limitations and yield effective treatments. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), an essential component of the epichaperome complex, is critical for the proper folding and activation of several pro-survival oncogenic proteins that drive GBM biology.
Conclusions
These results confirm that HSP90 is a strong pro-survival factor in molecularly heterogeneous gliomas and suggest that epichaperome inhibition with HSP90 inhibitors warrants further investigation for the treatment of gliomas.
Methods
Using a panel of biochemical and biological assays, we assessed the expression of HSP90 and its downstream targets and the effects of PU-H71, a highly specific and potent HSP90 inhibitor, on target modulation, downstream biochemical alterations, cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) with molecular profiles characteristic of GBM, as well as commercial glioma cell lines and normal human astrocytes (NHAs).
Results
HSP90 inhibition by PU-H71 in GSCs significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, migration, and angiogenesis. In glioma cells, but not NHAs, potent PU-H71-mediated HSP90 inhibition resulted in the downregulation of pro-survival client proteins such as EGFR, MAPK, AKT, and S6. This reduction in pro-survival signals increased glioma cells' sensitivity to temozolomide, a monofunctional alkylator, and the combination of PU-H71 and temozolomide had greater anticancer efficacy than either agent alone. Conclusions: These results confirm that HSP90 is a strong pro-survival factor in molecularly heterogeneous gliomas and suggest that epichaperome inhibition with HSP90 inhibitors warrants further investigation for the treatment of gliomas.