Abstract
The modern era has widely realized and accepted the significance of the vast plant resources for probing several safe and effective therapeutic products and addressing promising solutions to various health concerns. In search of a potent, non-toxic, and low-cost natural compound, Artocarpus heterophyllus L. latex was studied as a suitable and promising choice due to its inherent biological properties conferred by several secondary metabolites. The GC-MS results of the latex, resin, and residual fractions reported the presence of some diterpenes and diaziridine compounds, indicating their potential pharmacological role in the material. The successful elimination of saponins from the resin and its increased thermal stability were inferred from the characterisation of the latex and its fractions by FT-IR, XRD, and DSC-TGA. Molecular docking analysis of the molecules identified from the GC-MS profile with anti-inflammatory proteins such as TNFα, COX2, IL10, and iNOS, and antioxidant markers such as SOD and catalase, were carried out. It was found that compounds such as diaziridine, mannosamine, undecane, and adamantane compounds exhibited an impressive dock score between -5 and -7 kcal/mol. The combined resin-residual fraction exhibited the most potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with IC(50) of 0.56 and 0.46 mg/ml, respectively. The resin and the combined resin-residual fraction exhibited better antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with a zone of inhibition ranging from 10.2 to 11.3 mm at the lowest tested concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Altogether, our results highlight the unexplored potential of the naturally derived latex resin as a valuable and potent alternative for future therapeutics and drug discovery. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-025-00532-0.