Abstract
Inflammation is a primary driver of osteoarthritis (OA), and no therapies exist to halt or delay disease progression or substantially ameliorate the chronic pain, inflammation and disability that are characteristic of disease. Soluble CD14 (sCD14), a co-factor that enhances inflammatory toll-like receptor signaling, is present in synovial fluid in patients with OA and positively associates with joint space narrowing, synovial macrophage content, and pain. In this study, we show that increased sCD14 within human synovial fluid correlates with joint effusion volume and increased knee hyperalgesia. Next, we evaluated CD14 as a potential therapeutic target in three pre-clinical models of post traumatic OA (PTOA), using both genetic deficiency and pharmacologic blockade to modulate its activity. We demonstrate that deficiency or blockade of CD14 results in significant protection from increased evoked pain behaviors and from OA driven mobility impairments (i.e. decreased cage activity) across models that differ in severity, and across male and female cohorts. Using flow cytometry, single cell transcriptomics, and spatial proteomics, we further show that CD14-deficiency drastically influences the local synovial inflammatory landscape post-injury, reducing monocyte and macrophage populations and modulating local fibroblast populations. Targeting CD14 via genetic deficiency or therapeutic blockade revealed no substantial protection, but no worsening, of cartilage degeneration. Ultimately, our results provide strong support that targeting synovial inflammation through blockade of CD14 can safely ameliorate OA pain and disability after a pre-disposing injury. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: The study demonstrates the key role of CD14 in pain, mobility loss, and inflammation in PTOA, and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of CD14 blockade for OA pain relief.