Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is recognized as the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, which have consistently garnered significant attention. Since the disease was first identified, extensive research has been devoted to investigating these plaques. As our understanding of the disease has progressed, the detrimental role of plaques has been questioned, leading to the hypothesis that amyloid oligomeric aggregates are the main culprits. Nevertheless, subsequent research indicated that the concentrations of amyloids employed in the experiments were considerably elevated compared to physiological conditions, and that at physiological concentrations, amyloids do not exhibit significant accumulation or toxicity. This article aims to offer a detailed biophysical perspective on the formation of amyloid aggregates under physiological conditions and their impact on membranes, providing valuable insights for researchers in this field.