Abstract
This retrospective cohort study evaluates the impact of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia, and the incidence of complications in radical prostatectomy (RP). A total of 120 patients who underwent RP between January 2019 and December 2023 were included. The patients were divided into the experimental group (receiving dexmedetomidine-assisted sedation) and the control group (receiving conventional general anesthesia induction). The 2 groups were compared in terms of intraoperative hemodynamic stability, postoperative pain scores, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and postoperative complications. The experimental group showed superior intraoperative hemodynamic stability (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), postoperative pain scores, and incidence of nausea and vomiting compared to the control group. Patients in the experimental group had significantly lower postoperative pain scores and a reduced incidence of nausea and vomiting, as well as a downward trend in the incidence of postoperative complications. Additionally, the agitation scores (Richmond agitation-sedation scale scores) during awakening were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride effectively stabilizes intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, reduces postoperative pain and the incidence of nausea and vomiting, and lowers the incidence of postoperative complications in RP. These results provide robust scientific evidence for its application in prostate cancer surgery and offer new insights and methods for clinical anesthesia management.