Abstract
CONTEXT: Elevated IgG levels signify immune activation during the transition from OSMF to OSCC. Integrating IgG profiling with molecular diagnostics enhances early detection, risk prediction, and personalized treatment. AIMS: The aim is to estimate and evaluate the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in OSMF and OSCC patients and compare them with the control group. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences Cross-sectional, Observational, Quantitative Study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study involved 36 participants aged 18 and older. After informed consent and oral examination, 2 mL blood samples were drawn, processed, and serum separated. Serum IgG levels were measured using Nephelometry (AGAPPE MISPA i2). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean serum IgG levels were highest in the OSCC group (1606.86 ± 500.44 mg/dL), followed by the OSMF group (1217.06 ± 136.95 mg/dL), and lowest in the control group (1113.58 ± 88.92 mg/dL). One-way ANOVA demonstrated a statistically significant difference in mean IgG levels among the three groups (P = 0.00087), indicating a progressive elevation of IgG with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: IgG levels were highest in OSCC, with a positive correlation to OSMF severity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker. Age, gender, and lifestyle factors significantly influenced disease onset and progression across the studied groups.