Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among indigenous communities in Bhumikasthan Municipality, Arghakhanchi, Nepal. The focus was on the Magar, Mijar, Pariyar, and Bishwokarma ethnic groups, considering various socio-economic, demographic, nutritional, and behavioral factors. A total of 200 stool samples were collected from individuals (18-88 years old) using purposive sampling, which may limit the generalizability of the findings, and were preserved in potassium dichromate. A structured questionnaire supplemented the study, gathering data on relevant factors. Diagnostic methods employed included direct wet mount, saturated salt flotation, and formal ether sedimentation. Results showed an overall parasite prevalence of 44 (22%), with helminthic infections found in 32 (16%) and protozoan infections in 12 (6%) of the population. Ascaris lumbricoides were the most prevalent helminth 29 (14.5%), followed by Giardia lamblia 8 (4.0%), Entamoeba histolytica 4 (2%), and Trichuris trichiura 3 (1.5%). Females exhibited a slightly higher prevalence 34 (23.8%) compared to males 10 (17.5%), potentially influenced by occupational exposure. Univariate analysis indicated associations between IPIs and factors such as residing in muddy houses, consuming untreated tap water, and inadequate personal hygiene practices. Multivariate analysis highlighted significant associations with practices like insufficient handwashing with soap and water [i.e., adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.00 95% CI (2.16-22.70)], and dietary habits, particularly non-vegetarian diets [aOR 7.68 95% CI (1.71-34.50)]. The study underscores the importance of targeted health education interventions, particularly focusing on improving hygiene practices and modifying dietary habits among indigenous communities. Addressing these factors could mitigate the burden of IPIs, contributing to improved health outcomes in these populations.