Abstract
LOXL1 is highly expressed in tissues and cells of OA. Silencing LOXL1 mitigates IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damage and MIA-induced joint pathology in mice. TCF4 stimulates the transcription of LOXL1. LOXL1 abrogates the impacts of TCF4 deletion in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-026-00494-w.