Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, clinical trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated positive results for several cardiovascular endpoints. In addition to the positive clinical endpoint-focused trials, several mechanistic and clinical studies have outlined the inflammation-modulating properties of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs. While inflammation play a key role in development of cardiovascular disease and ultimate end-organ damages, there are limited data on the precise ways in which these therapies alter immune responses. In this review we summarize the known and putative immune/inflammatory-modulating effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs, as well as the evidence for cardiovascular benefit from outcomes trials currently available.