Abstract
Male infertility in dogs is a significant concern in veterinary reproductive medicine, with sperm quality being a key determinant of reproductive success. Traditional herbal medicine, particularly Panax ginseng, is widely recognized for its potential to enhance male reproductive function. However, its effects on canine reproduction remain unexplored. This study investigated the impact of different processed forms of Panax ginseng-white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG)-on sperm motility, testosterone levels, and biochemical parameters in dogs. Beagle dogs were administered WG, RG, or BG daily for 60 days in a crossover design. Serum testosterone levels and biochemical markers were measured at predefined intervals, while sperm motility and velocity parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results demonstrated that BG supplementation significantly improved sperm motility and velocity parameters compared to WG and RG, with no adverse effects on biochemical markers. However, testosterone levels remained unchanged across groups. These findings suggest that BG may enhance canine sperm quality through mechanisms independent of testosterone regulation. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular pathways and optimize dosing strategies for clinical applications.