Abstract
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is extensively employed for the therapy of coronary artery disease; nonetheless, patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors continue to impact procedural and clinical results Objective: To evaluate the association between patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors and in-hospital clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), stent thrombosis, and mortality, among patients undergoing PCI. METHODOLOGY: This hospital-based observational study was conducted over a one-year period from July 2023 to June 2024. A total of 270 adult patients undergoing elective or emergency PCI were enrolled using a convenience sampling technique. Data on demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, procedural details, and in-hospital outcomes were collected using a structured proforma designed by hospital staff and research investigators. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA), including chi-square tests, independent-samples t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of adverse outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 270 patients, 185 (68.52%) were male and 93 (34.44%) were aged ≥60 years. Hypertension was present in 158 (58.52%) patients, and diabetes mellitus in 120 (44.44%) patients. Procedural success was achieved in 250 (92.59%) cases, while in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 20 (7.41%), stent thrombosis in 8 (2.96%), and mortality in 5 (1.85%) patients. Patients who developed MACE were significantly older than those with procedural success (61.7 ± 9.5 vs. 55.3 ± 10.2 years; p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥60 years (adjusted OR: 2.10; p = 0.035) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR: 3.25; p = 0.003) as independent predictors of adverse PCI outcomes. CONCLUSION: Advanced age and diabetes mellitus were significant determinants of adverse in-hospital outcomes following PCI despite high overall procedural success rates.