Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Over the past three decades, more advanced pre-hospital systems have increasingly integrated physicians into targeted roles, forming interprofessional teams. These teams focus on providing early senior decision-making and advanced interventions while also ensuring rapid transport to hospitals based on individual patient needs. This paper aims to evaluate the benefits of an inter-professional care model compared to a model where care is delivered solely by paramedics. METHODOLOGY: A meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted using the guidelines of PRISMA 2020. Articles were identified through a systematic search of three databases and snowballing references. A systematic review was conducted of articles that met the inclusion criteria, and a suitable subset was included in a meta-analysis. The survival and mortality outcomes from the studies were then pooled using the statistical software Review Manager (RevMan) Version 8.2.0. RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred ninety-six articles were found from the online databases and 86 from other sources. However, only 23 articles met the inclusion criteria of our study. A pooled analysis of the outcomes reported in these studies indicated that the mortality risk was significantly reduced in patients who received pre-hospital care from interprofessional teams led by physicians compared with those who received care from paramedics alone (AOR 0.80; 95% CI [0.68, 0.91] p = 0.001). The survival rate of critically ill or injured patients who received pre-hospital care from interprofessional teams led by physicians was increased compared to those who received care from paramedics alone (AOR 1.49; 95% CI [1.31, 1.69] P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our analysis indicate that the targeted deployment of interprofessional teams led by physicians in the pre-hospital care of critically ill or injured patients improves patient outcomes.