Abstract
Differentiation syndrome (DS) is a life-threatening condition caused by the use of differentiating agents, which are used for remission induction in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).This study aimed to investigate the current evidence on risk factors for DS. Related articles were searched from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. A total of 22 studies were included in this study. Risk factors that had significant relation with DS were BMI > 25 Kg/m(2) (OR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2.06 to 7.25, p < 0.0001), WBCs > 10(9)/L (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.85 to 4.92, p < 0.00001), and high risk APL (OR:2.16, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.26, p = 0.0007). This study highlights important predictive factors for DS, with WBCs > 10(9)/L, high-risk APL and BMI > 25 Kg/m(2) as the most prominent factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-025-02036-5.