Abstract
The establishment of a Martian colony is one of the most significant technological challenges currently facing humanity. The journey and the Martian environment present numerous obstacles, making this mission extremely complex. However, extensive research is underway to investigate the viability of a Mars expedition and settlement. If humans are to stay on Mars for an extended period, they will need to overcome several challenges, including the high levels of space radiation and microgravity. Even if all necessities for human colonization on Mars are provided, high levels of ionizing radiation remain a critical issue. This study aims to address the potential risks and long-term effects of radiation exposure in challenging environments like Mars by reviewing the health effects of individuals on Earth who live under similar conditions and experience comparable radiation exposure. Specifically, it highlights the crucial importance of the studies on the health effects of individuals who currently live or migrate to high background radiation areas like Ramsar, Iran, where residents of certain hot spots can receive up to 260 mSv per year, primarily due to the decay chain of radium-226. By acknowledging both the pros and cons of using Earth's high background radiation areas as an Analog for Mars colonization, and by employing a multifaceted approach, scientists can gain valuable insights to prepare for the challenges of human habitation on Mars.