Abstract
Background/Objectives: Depression is a major global health burden, and previous studies suggest that nutrient deficiencies may contribute to its development. However, research on mineral intake and depression, particularly sodium and potassium, is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in Korea (KNHANES) and the United States (NHANES) to assess associations between various mineral intakes and depression in Korean and American adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the KNHANES and NHANES data. Seven minerals were analyzed: sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and calcium. Depression was defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of 10 or higher. Associations between mineral intakes and depression were examined using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results: In KNHANES, 537 participants (4.1%) exhibited depression, whereas 588 participants (6.2%) in NHANES experienced similar conditions. In addition, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake in KNHANES demonstrated inverse associations with depression, while in NHANES, potassium, iron, and zinc exhibited comparable trends. Subgroup analyses by sex, obesity status, and age revealed significant differences for several minerals. Conclusions: This study revealed significant associations between mineral intake and depression in both Korean and American adults. These findings suggest that adequate mineral intake may support mental health. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and underlying mechanisms.