Abstract
PURPOSE: Several clinical and immunohematological factors play important roles in diagnosing autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and its further management. The present study aimed to diagnose the various types of AIHA and evaluate the efficacy of treatment. METHODS: In this prospective study, 50 patients were completely characterized after ethical clearance. The clinical, laboratory, and treatment details of each patient were documented and analysed. RESULTS: Thirty-three out of 50 (66%) patients were females. Warm AIHA was observed in 30 (60%) patients, followed by cold AIHA (N = 15, 30%). Twelve patients had severe hemolysis. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) strength of ≥ 2 + was observed in 48 (96%) patients with variable clinical features. A total of 26 received the "best match" red cell units. Derangement of laboratory values was statistically significant, with an increase in DAT reactivity (p < 0.05). Most patients responded to steroids, with the remaining needing other medications. Although correction in various laboratory values was observed but DAT remained positive even at the end of 9 months of successful treatment. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive clinical and immunohematological evaluation is essential for tailoring treatment in AIHA, improving transfusion safety, and advancing patient care. Future research focusing on targeted therapies and personalized transfusion strategies will be instrumental in enhancing disease management and long-term outcomes.