Abstract
The intracellular domain of clusters of differentiation 44 (CD44) binding to the FERM (protein 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) domain of ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins and furthermore triggering the recruitment of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) are very important in the process of tumor cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. At first, it was found that CD44/FERM structure was stable by observing CD44/FERM complex conformation and analyzing the interaction of interface residues both in static crystal structure and in equilibrium process. Meanwhile, unconventional immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM-like), and phosphorylation sites Y191 and Y205 were buried in FERM domain, which would hinder the phosphorylation of ERM proteins, the recruitment of Syk and subsequent signal transduction. Then, steered molecular dynamics simulation was applied to simulate the interaction between CD44 and FERM domain in the mechanical environment. The results showed that mechanical signal could induce the exposure of the ITAM-like motif and phosphorylation site Y205 by tracking and analyzing CD44/FERM complex conformational changes and the solvent-accessible surface area. This study revealed how the force regulates the activation of downstream signal through CD44 intracellular domain for the first time, and would be useful for further understanding the adhesion and migration pathway of cancer cells and the design of antitumor drugs.