Abstract
BACKGROUND: Congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) is a rare anomaly often treated surgically, yet postoperative complications remain a concern. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, timing, and risk factors of such complications after CBD surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 184 patients with CBD who underwent either open or laparoscopic surgery, with a mean follow-up of 9 years. The analysis focused on postoperative complications, including bile duct-related issues, pancreatic complications, and bowel obstruction. RESULTS: Complications occurred in 14.7% of patients, predominantly bile duct-related (11.4%), followed by pancreatic (1.6%) and bowel obstruction (1.6%). Most bile duct complications, including anastomotic and intrahepatic strictures, emerged within 5 years postoperatively. Residual bile ducts were more common after open surgery, but no significant difference in other complications was observed between surgical approaches. No biliary malignancies developed during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The majority of complications occurred within 5 years after surgery, underscoring the importance of intensive monitoring during this period. Regular imaging and blood tests are essential for early detection. Although no malignancies were observed, long-term follow-up remains critical to address late-onset risks. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical registration number: 2023-045432262.