Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly malignant digestive system tumor, poses substantial challenges due to its intricate underlying causes and pronounced post-surgery recurrence. Consequently, the prognosis for HCC remains notably unfavorable. The endorsement of sorafenib and PD-L1 inhibitors for HCC signifies the onset of a new era embracing immunotherapy and targeted treatment approaches for this condition. Hence, comprehending the mechanisms underpinning targeted immune combination therapy has become exceedingly vital for the prospective management of HCC patients. This article initially presents a triumphant instance of curative treatment involving the combination of TKI and PD-1 inhibitor subsequent to liver resection, targeting an advanced stage HCC as classified by the BCLC staging system. The case patient carries a decade-long history of hepatitis B, having undergone a regimen of 20 courses of treatments involving apatinib and camrelizumab. Throughout the treatment period, no occurrences of grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AE) were noted. Subsequently, the patient underwent a left hepatectomy. Following the hepatectomy, their serum AFP levels have consistently remained within normal limits, and CT imaging has indicated the absence of tumor recurrence over a span of 36 months. The patient had been reviewed on time for two years after the operation. The last time a CT was performed for this patient in our hospital was 7 May 2021, and no new tumors were found. Follow-up is still ongoing. When applying combined targeted immune transformation therapy using TKI and ICI for a patient with BCLC advanced stage HCC, apatinib treatment serves a dual purpose. It inhibits the survival and angiogenesis of tumor cells, while also enhancing the efficacy of camrelizumab in obstructing the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. This restoration of T cell cytotoxicity subsequently facilitates the elimination of tumor cells, leading to an enhanced anticancer effect.