Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been shown to contribute to tumor progression, mainly through immune suppression. Inverse correlations have been observed between MDSC levels and patient survival for various malignancies. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment circulating MDSCs. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from their inceptions to September 2017 to identify relevant articles. Using a fixed or random effects model, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for overall survival (OS) and combined disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and recurrence-free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS). A total of 40 studies comprising 2721 were included. For solid tumors, high levels of pretreatment circulating MDSCs were significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 1.796, 95% CI = 1.587-2.032) and DFS/PFS/RFS (HR = 2.459, 95% CI = 2.018-2.997). Breast cancer showed the largest association between high MDSC levels and worse OS (pooled HR = 3.053). Elevated MDSCs were also associated with worse OS for mixed-stage tumors (pooled HR = 1.659) and advanced-stage tumors (pooled HR = 2.337). Furthermore, both monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) and granulocytic or polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSCs) showed negative associations with survival outcomes. Overall, high levels of pretreatment circulating MDSCs negatively influenced survival in most cancers. Pretreatment circulating MDSCs should be taken into account to further improve prognostic evaluation and develop novel therapeutic strategies.